Definition
ACER (Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators) is the EU's independent energy regulatory agency, established in 2011 and based in Ljubljana. ACER coordinates national energy regulators (such as RMENorwegian Energy Regulatory Authority - government authority that regulates grid operations and energy markets. in Norway), develops framework guidelines and network codes for cross-border electricity and gas trading, and supervises wholesale market integrity (REMIT). Through the EEA Agreement, Norway is associated with ACER - a matter that has been politically contentious. ACER's authority has increased following the energy crises of 2021–2022.