Definition
Nuclear power generates electricity by harnessing the heat released when heavy atomic nuclei (uranium-235 or plutonium-239) are split in a controlled chain reaction (fission). Unlike solar and wind, nuclear power is independent of weather conditions and can deliver stable baseload power around the clock. CO₂ emissions during operation are very low - comparable to wind power on a life-cycle basis. Norway has no nuclear power plants, but Sweden and Finland have significant nuclear capacity. Sweden has Ringhals and Forsmark, and is now planning new nuclear capacity after reversing earlier decommissioning decisions. Finland opened Olkiluoto 3 (EPR reactor) for commercial operation in 2023. The European debate on nuclear power was renewed following the energy crisis of 2021–2022. The EU included nuclear power in the EU TaxonomyEU's classification system for sustainable economic activities - determines which investments can be labeled 'green'. as 'transitional energy' in 2022. The discussion of SMRs (Small ModularArchitecture or design principle where systems are built from independent, interchangeable components. Reactors) - modular, factory-built mini-reactors - is particularly relevant in Norway, where politicians and energy companies have been debating nuclear power as a supplement to hydropowerElectricity produced from the potential energy of falling water - Norway's dominant energy source (~90% of production) with a unique ability to ramp up and down quickly. in a future tight electricity market since 2023.